4. Congolese minerals
During the war, Rwandans and Ugandans alike discovered that the DRC’s vast mineral reserves were easy loot. The smuggling operations they established at the time are still in place today.
DRC eventually took Uganda to the International Court of Justice. After two decades of litigation, the court in February ordered Uganda to pay the DRC $325m in compensation for looted minerals and other effects of the war. Despite its protests, Uganda has budgeted money and is expected to start compensating the DRC in the coming fiscal year.
READ MORE Uganda rejects ICJ’s $325m award to DRC, says they are already working together
Numerous reports from the UN and reputable international organisations have documented how Congo’s minerals are smuggled through Rwanda and Uganda. Both countries export large volumes of gold whose source isn’t known.
READ MORE Impact of US sanctions on Africa Gold Refinery, Alain Goetz, and Uganda
In March this year, the US Treasury Department sanctioned African Gold Refinery and its proprietor, Belgian gold businessman Alain Goetz. Illustrating the magnitude of the illegal trade, the department noted that “more than 90% of DRC gold is smuggled to regional states, including Uganda and Rwanda, where it is then often refined and exported to international markets, particularly the UAE”.